Was blackmail essential for marriage to evolve?

WORLD SCIENCE

The in­sti­tu­tion of mar­riage might not have suc­cess­fully taken root un­less black­mail was com­mon in an­cient hu­man so­ci­eties, a pro­voc­a­tive new study claims.

A tra­di­tion pub­licly and proudly dis­played in al­most eve­ry com­mun­ity, mar­riage is some­times sym­bol­ized by white trap­pings meant to con­vey that it is some­thing pure. But it may have largely been kept that way thanks to a dark en­force­ment mech­anism lurk­ing quite out of pub­lic view—and to the fear of it, according to the re­search­ers, who de­vel­oped math­e­mat­i­cal for­mu­las and com­put­er sim­ula­t­ions in sup­port of their the­o­ry.

The stu­dy, which at­tempts to de­scribe mar­i­tal rela­t­ion­ships with math­e­mat­ics as it might apply to a strat­e­gy game, is pub­lished in the Nov. 29 on­line is­sue of the re­search jour­nal BMC Ev­o­lu­tion­ary Bi­ol­o­gy.

The re­search­ers with the In­di­an In­sti­tute of Sci­ence Educa­t­ion and Re­search in Pu­ne, In­dia and North Da­ko­ta State Uni­vers­ity in Far­go, N.D. said they set out to ex­plore the “co­nun­drum” of why males and fe­males sac­ri­fice their di­rect self-in­ter­est to get in­volved in mar­riage.

Both males and fe­males can boost their in­di­vid­ual re­pro­duc­tive suc­cess through promiscu­ity. Yet the mar­riage in­sti­tu­tion has suc­ceeded in at least li­mi­ting un­ap­proved rela­tion­ships, while con­fining many of those that re­main to the shad­ows of se­cre­cy.

While faithfully committed mar­riage is a good strat­e­gy for rais­ing chil­dren, that does­n’t ex­plain how it has re­mained sta­ble over time, added the re­search­ers, Milind Watve of the In­di­an In­sti­tute and col­leagues. They es­ti­mate that mo­nog­a­mous rela­t­ion­ships have been a fea­ture of hu­man mat­ing for mil­lions of years. As evi­dence they point out that hu­man males and fe­males have al­ways been fairly si­m­i­lar in size, a fac­tor as­so­ci­at­ed with lack of promiscu­ity across ma­ny spe­cies.

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