Women in National Parliaments as of 28 February 2009

Comparative data by country The data in the tables below has been compiled by the Inter-Parliamentary Union on the basis of information provided by National Parliaments by 28 February 2009. The percentages do not take into account the case of parliaments for which no data was available at that date. Comparative data on the percentage of women in each National Parliament as well as data concerning the two regional parliamentary assemblies elected by direct suffrage can be found on separate pages. You can use the PARLINE database to view detailed results of parliamentary elections by country. Regional parliamentary assemblies
New: you can now consult an archive of statistical data on women in National Parliaments.

World average

Both Houses combined
Total MPs 44’644
Gender breakdown known for 44’045
Men 35’951
Women 8’094
Percentage of women 18.4%

Single House or lower House
Total MPs 37’669
Gender breakdown known for 37’070
Men 30’203
Women 6’867
Percentage of women 18.5%
Upper House or Senate
Total MPs 6’975
Gender breakdown known for 6’975
Men 5’748
Women 1’227
Percentage of women 17.6%

Regional averages

Regions are classified by descending order of the percentage of women in the lower or single House
Single House
or lower House
Upper House
or Senate
Both Houses
combined
Nordic countries 41.4%
Americas 21.8% 20.2% 21.5%
Europe – OSCE member countries
including Nordic countries
21.3% 19.4% 20.9%
Europe – OSCE member countries
excluding Nordic countries
19.3% 19.4% 19.3%
Sub-Saharan Africa 18.1% 21.4% 18.5%
Asia 18.0% 16.5% 17.8%
Pacific 13.0% 32,6% 15.2%
Arab States 9.7% 7.0% 9.1%




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Women in Parliaments: World Classification, 28 February 2009




World and regional averages


The data in the table below has been compiled by the Inter-Parliamentary Union on the basis of information provided by National Parliaments by 28 February 2009. 188 country are classified by descending order of the percentage of women in the lower or single House. Comparative data on the world and regional averages as well as data concerning the two regional parliamentary assemblies elected by direct suffrage can be found on separate pages. You can use the PARLINE database to view detailed results of parliamentary elections by country.


Regional parliamentary assemblies


New: you can now consult an archive of statistical data on women in National Parliaments.

World Classification

RankCountryLower or single HouseUpper House or Senate
ElectionsSeats*Women% WElectionsSeats*Women% W
1Rwanda9 2008804556.3%10 200326934.6%
2Sweden9 200634916447.0%
3Cuba1 200861426543.2%
4Finland3 20072008341.5%
5Netherlands11 20061506241.3%5 2007752634.7%
6Argentina10 200725510240.0%10 2007722838.9%
7Denmark11 20071796838.0%
8Angola9 20082208237.3%
9Costa Rica2 2006572136.8%
10Spain3 200835012736.3%3 20082637930.0%
11Norway9 20051696136.1%
12Belgium6 20071505335.3%6 2007712738.0%
13Mozambique12 20042508734.8%
14New Zealand11 20081224133.6%
15Iceland5 2007632133.3%
16Nepal4 200859419733.2%
17South Africa 14 200440013233.0%4 2004542240.7%
18Germany9 200561219732.2%N.A.691521.7%
19Belarus9 20081103531.8%7 2008561933.9%
20Uganda2 200633210230.7%
21Burundi7 20051183630.5%7 2005491734.7%
22United Republic of Tanzania12 20053199730.4%
23Guyana8 2006702130.0%
24Peru4 20061203529.2%
"Timor-Leste6 2007651929.2%
25Switzerland10 20072005728.5%10 2007461021.7%
26Austria9 20081835228.4%N.A.611524.6%
27Portugal2 20052306528.3%
"The F.Y.R. of Macedonia6 20081203428.3%
28Afghanistan9 20052426727.7%9 20051022221.6%
29Ecuador 210 2008762127.6%
30Namibia11 2004782126.9%11 200426726.9%
31Trinidad and Tobago11 2007411126.8%12 2007311341.9%
32Australia11 20071504026.7%11 2007762735.5%
33Viet Nam5 200749312725.8%
34Kyrgyzstan12 2007902325.6%
35Iraq12 20052757025.5%
"Suriname5 2005511325.5%
36Lao People’s Democratic Republic4 20061152925.2%
37Andorra4 200528725.0%
"Lesotho2 20071203025.0%3 200731929.0%
"Monaco2 200824625.0%
38Singapore5 2006942324.5%
39Liechtenstein2 200925624.0%
40Seychelles5 200734823.5%
41Honduras11 20051283023.4%
42Luxembourg6 2004601423.3%
43Mexico7 200650011623.2%7 20061282318.0%
44Tunisia10 20041894322.8%8 20081121715.2%
45Pakistan2 20083387622.5%3 20061001717.0%
"United Arab Emirates12 200640922.5%
46Canada10 20083086822.1%N.A.933234.4%
"Mauritania11 2006952122.1%1 200756916.1%
47Eritrea2 19941503322.0%
"Senegal6 20071503322.0%8 20071004040.0%
48Ethiopia5 200552911621.9%10 20051122118.8%
49Republic of Moldova3 20051012221.8%
50Bulgaria6 20052405221.7%
51Serbia5 20082505421.6%
52China3 2008298763721.3%
"Italy4 200863013421.3%4 20083225818.0%
53Croatia11 20071533220.9%
54Estonia3 20071012120.8%
55Philippines5 20072394920.5%5 200723417.4%
56Poland10 20074609320.2%10 200710088.0%
57Democratic People’s Republic of Korea8 200368713820.1%
58Latvia10 20061002020.0%
59Dominican Republic5 20061783519.7%5 20063213.1%
60United Kingdom5 200564612619.5%N.A.74614719.7%
61Slovakia6 20061502919.3%
62El Salvador1 2009841619.0%
63Dominica5 200532618.8%
64Venezuela12 20051673118.6%
65Nicaragua11 2006921718.5%
66France6 200757710518.2%9 20083437521.9%
"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines12 200522418.2%
67Cape Verde1 2006721318.1%
"Sudan8 20054438018.1%8 20055036.0%
68Lithuania10 20081412517.7%
69Israel2 20091202117.5%
"Tajikistan2 2005631117.5%3 200534823.5%
"Uzbekistan12 20041202117.5%1 20051001515.0%
70Mauritius7 2005701217.1%
71United States of America 311 20084357417.0%11 20081001717.0%
72Bolivia12 20051302216.9%12 20052713.7%
73Gabon1 20091202016.7%1 20091021817.6%
"Panama5 2004781316.7%
74Cambodia7 20081232016.3%1 200661914.8%
75Kazakhstan8 20071071715.9%10 20084724.3%
76Czech Republic6 20062003115.5%10 2008811417.3%
77Burkina Faso5 20071111715.3%
78Zambia9 20061582415.2%
"Zimbabwe3 20082103215.2%3 2008932324.7%
79Chile12 20051201815.0%12 20053825.3%
"San Marino11 200860915.0%
80Greece9 20073004414.7%
81Cyprus5 200656814.3%
82Russian Federation12 20074506314.0%N.A.16984.7%
83Cameroon7 20071802513.9%
84Djibouti2 200865913.8%
"Swaziland9 200865913.8%10 2008301240.0%
85Republic of Korea4 20082994113.7%
86Grenada7 200815213.3%8 200813430.8%
"Ireland5 20071662213.3%7 2007601321.7%
"Jamaica9 200760813.3%9 200721314.3%
"Slovenia9 2008901213.3%11 20074012.5%
87Sierra Leone8 20071211613.2%
88Malawi5 20041932513.0%
89Liberia10 200564812.5%10 200530516.7%
"Paraguay4 2008801012.5%4 200845715.6%
90Niger12 20041131412.4%
"Syrian Arab Republic4 20072503112.4%
91Bahamas5 200741512.2%5 200715960.0%
92Uruguay10 2004991212.1%10 200431412.9%
93Guatemala9 20071581912.0%
"Maldives1 200550612.0%
94Bosnia and Herzegovina10 200642511.9%3 200715213.3%
95Thailand12 20074805611.7%3 20081502416.0%
96Indonesia4 20045506411.6%
97Azerbaijan11 20051231411.4%
"Romania11 20083343811.4%11 200813785.8%
98Botswana10 200463711.1%
"Hungary4 20063864311.1%
"Montenegro9 200681911.1%
"Saint Lucia12 200618211.1%1 200711327.3%
"Togo10 200781911.1%
99Benin3 200383910.8%
"Malaysia3 20082222410.8%N.A.591728.8%
100Antigua and Barbuda3 200419210.5%3 200417423.5%
"Central African Republic3 20051051110.5%
"Morocco9 20073253410.5%9 200627031.1%
101Mali7 20071471510.2%
102Barbados1 200830310.0%2 200821419.0%
"Guinea-Bissau11 20081001010.0%
103Kenya12 2007224229.8%
104Gambia1 20025359.4%
"Japan9 2005480459.4%7 20072424418.2%
105India4 2004541499.1%6 2008243239.5%
"Turkey7 2007549509.1%
106Brazil10 2006513469.0%10 2006811012.3%
107Cote d’Ivoire12 2000203188.9%
108Malta3 20086968.7%
109Bhutan3 20084748.5%12 200725624.0%
110Armenia5 2007131118.4%
"Colombia3 2006166148.4%3 20061021211.8%
"Democratic Republic of the Congo7 2006500428.4%1 200710854.6%
111Samoa3 20064948.2%
"Ukraine9 2007450378.2%
112Ghana12 2004228187.9%
"Madagascar9 2007127107.9%4 200833515.2%
113Algeria5 2007389307.7%12 200613642.9%
"Libyan Arab Jamahiriya3 2006468367.7%
114Congo6 2007137107.3%8 200870912.9%
"Sao Tome and Principe3 20065547.3%
115Albania7 2005140107.1%
116Nigeria4 2007358257.0%4 200710998.3%
117Saint Kitts and Nevis10 20041516.7%
118Jordan11 200711076.4%11 200755712.7%
119Bangladesh 412 2008300196.3%
120Equatorial Guinea5 200810066.0%
"Georgia5 200815096.0%
121Sri Lanka4 2004225135.8%
122Chad4 200215585.2%
123Lebanon5 200512864.7%
124Kiribati8 20074624.3%
125Haiti2 20069844.1%2 200618211.1%
"Mongolia6 20087434.1%
126Vanuatu9 20085223.8%
127Kuwait 55 20086523.1%
"Tonga 64 20083213.1%
128Comoros4 20043313.0%
"Marshall Islands11 20073313.0%
129Iran (Islamic Republic of)3 200828682.8%
130Bahrain11 20064012.5%12 2006401025.0%
131Egypt11 200544281.8%6 2007264186.8%
132Papua New Guinea6 200710910.9%
133Yemen4 200330110.3%4 200111121.8%
134Belize2 20083200.0%3 200813538.5%
"Micronesia (Federated States of)3 20051400.0%
"Nauru4 20081800.0%
"Oman10 20078400.0%11 2007701420.0%
"Palau11 20081600.0%11 200813215.4%
"Qatar7 20083500.0%
"Saudi Arabia4 200515000.0%
"Solomon Islands4 20065000.0%
"Tuvalu8 20061500.0%
135Somalia8 2004475??
"Turkmenistan12 2008124??




* Figures correspond to the number of seats currently filled in Parliament

Guinea: The parliament was dissolved following the December 2008 coup

1 – South Africa: The figures on the distribution of seats do not include the 36 special rotating delegates appointed on an ad hoc basis, and all percentages given are therefore calculated on the basis of the 54 permanent seats.


2 – Ecuador: The 2008 Constitution provides that the National Congress shall be replaced by a 124-member National Assembly. Elections to that body are due to take place on 26 April 2009. During the transitional period, a Legislative and Oversight Commission, comprising the members of the Constituent Assembly, assumes the legislative and oversight functions. The date refers to the date when the Commission held its first session.

3 – United States of America: The total refers to all voting members of the House.

4 – Bangladesh: 45 reserved seats reserved for women are yet to be filled.

5 – Kuwait: No woman candidate was elected in the 2008 elections. Two women were appointed to the 16-member cabinet sworn in in June 2008. As cabinet ministers also sit in parliament, there are two women out of a total of 65 members.


6 – Tonga: No women were elected in 2008, however one woman was appointed to the Cabinet. As cabinet ministers also sit in parliament, there is one woman out of a total of 32 members.





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A SMALL REVOLUTION IN CAIRO: Theologians Battle Female Circumcision

By Amira El Ahl in Cairo

In Cairo, a small revolution has been launched: A conference of high-ranking Muslim theologians has agreed that the practice of female genital mutilation is irreconcilable with Islam. The painful and often deadly practice of female circumcision affects millions of women in Africa.

Fatima’s scream is as blood-curdling as it is heart-wrenching. The little girl, who looks to be about eight years old, screams in a panic, initially in fear and then because she is unable to bear the pain she is experiencing. She is lying on the floor of a dirty hut somewhere in the Ethiopian desert. Her body is contorted with pain as she screams, cries and finally lies there whimpering. Her new, green floral dress is soaked in blood.

A victim of genital mutilation in Somalia: How is she able to endure such pain?
Two men and her mother press the delicate child against the floor and pull apart her thin little legs. An old woman crouches in front of Fatima, holding a shiny razor blade and a thick, threaded darning needle. Today is the day Fatima will become a woman, a decent woman.

The purpose of the thick darning needle is to lift the lips of the vulva to facilitate cutting them off. The old woman moves the razor blade into position. First she slices off the small lips of the vulva and then the clitoris. There is blood everywhere. The girl arches her small, sweat-soaked body. The old woman repeatedly pours a milky liquid onto the wound to prevent infection. Then the grandmother comes into the hut, pokes at the wound and tells the old woman to make a deeper cut. The process starts all over again. Fatima’s screams become almost unbearable. If the sight of this girl under female circumcision is so difficult to bear, how can she possibly stand the pain?

Finally the deed is done. The wound is sewn shut with thorns, leaving only a tiny opening. A straw is inserted into the small opening to prevent it from closing. Then Fatima’s legs are tied together with a rope to allow the wound to heal. She will lie in bed, her legs tied together in this fashion, for several weeks.

The old woman completes her barbaric task with a slap on her subject’s behind. Fatima is now a woman.

Millions of victims
About 6,000 girls fall victim to genital mutilation every day, or about 2 million a year. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that between 100 and 140 million women worldwide are circumcised. Most circumcised women live in 28 African countries, as well as in Asia and the Middle East. According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), at least 90 percent of all women are circumcised in developing countries like Ethiopia, Sudan, Djibouti, Somalia and Sierra Leone, while almost no women are circumcised in Iraq, Iran and Saudi Arabia.

WHO distinguishes among four types of genital mutilation:
Type I, or “clitorectomy”: Excision of the skin surrounding the clitoris with or without excision of part or all of the clitoris
Type II, or “excision”: Removal of the entire clitoris and part or all of the labia minora
Type III, or “infibulation”: Removal of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching together of the vaginal orifice, leaving only a small opening
Type IV: Various other practices, including pricking, piercing, incision and tearing of the clitoris.
One out of every three girls dies as a result of infibulation, also known as pharaonic mutilation.
http://www.global-sisterhood-network.org/content/view/1470/59/

Behind the Burqa: A Woman Photographer’s View of Afghanistan

Under the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, women’s rights were completely stripped away. Women were not allowed to pursue their education, all girls’ schools were closed down, women were not allowed to work, and they were ordered to remain in their houses.
Raised in Afghanistan during the Taliban era, Farzana Wahidy was forced to go to school in secret in a small apartment in Kabul. At the age of 11, she helped teach mathematics to 60 other girls.
When the Taliban were defeated, Farzana Wahidy continued her education and enrolled in a program sponsored by AINA Photojournalism Institute, Afghanistan’s first photo agency. This placed her on the road to become a photojournalist for Agence France-Presse and the Associated Press.

In 2004, Wahidy received a scholarship to attend the photojournalism program at Loyalist College in Belleville, Ontario, where she now resides. She is 24.

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Amsterdam closes a window on its red-light tourist trade

As the Dutch capital closes down a third of its brothels in an attempt to cut crime, Anushka Asthana spends a night in the city where the prostitutes are a tourist attraction.
By Anushka Asthana

On the edge of a cobbled path that runs along a canal in the heart of Amsterdam, a pretty woman lit her cigarette, struck a pose and smiled at the tourists pouring past. Dressed in white lingerie, her bleached blonde hair bathed in red light, the prostitute beckoned men towards her and the unmade bed behind.
‘They say we give Amsterdam a bad reputation,’ she said, pushing her window open slightly. ‘Rubbish. This is the only reputation we have.’
Last week, the city announced that it would be closing down a third of its famed brothels. Within a matter of months, 52 of the iconic window displays that line the streets of the busy red-light district will disappear.
Come January, the blinds will be drawn down on the window that frames the blonde prostitute, looking down over the canal, and the sign above her that reads ‘raam verhuur’ (windows for rent) will also be gone.
The 22-year-old was fed up. ‘I was thinking of quitting anyway,’ she said. ‘So this will make the final decision for me.’
As she spoke, a young, drunken man hollered, ’30 euros’. Looking slightly offended, she pointed across the canal and quietly said: ‘I think you should try that part of the district.’
Her building is one of those where the rent is highest and the sex most expensive. It is owned, like so many of the brothels, by property magnate Charlie Geerts, who gave up a year-long battle with the authorities last week and finally sold up.
In a deal worth £18m, officials will buy 18 buildings from Geerts – known as Amsterdam’s Emperor of Sex – and close down the ‘windows’. The final decision came from the city’s mayor, Job Cohen, who argued that the brothels were attracting crime and money-laundering to the area. ‘We want to get rid of the underlying criminality,’ he told a TV station last week.
Those who live above and beside the windows have been fairly supportive of the move. One man, who refused to be named, said that prostitution was a core part of the area and he did not want it to disappear completely.

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Over 200,000 Nepali girls being trafficked to Indian red light areas

KATHMANDU, Feb. 15 (Xinhua) — Over 200,000 Nepali girls have been trafficked to red light areas of India, Nepali state-run newspaper The Rising Nepal on Sunday quoted a high-rank official from the Ministry of Home Affairs as saying.
Dr. Govinda Prasad Kusum, Secretary for Ministry of Home Affairs, said that approximately 7,000 to 10,000 girls are being trafficked to India every month.
“We have a large number of Nepalese girls in India’s red light areas and controlling traffickers is proving troublesome because we share open borders with India and traffickers have a dozen ways to cross borders without being noticed,” said Kusum at the launch of “the Global Report on Trafficking in Persons” on Friday.
According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), “the Global Report on Trafficking in Persons” offers the first global assessment on the scope of human trafficking and what is being done to fight it. It includes an overview of trafficking patterns, legal steps taken in response and country specific information on reported cases of trafficking in persons, victims and prosecutions.
According to the report, the most common form of human trafficking is sexual exploitation which makes up 79 percent of the victim population, and the victims of sexual exploitation are predominantly women and girls. The second most common form of human trafficking is indicated to be forced labour at 18 percent which is less frequently detected and reported than trafficking for sexual exploitation.
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German Women Earn 22 Percent Less Than Men

Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: Women in Germany face a tough battle in getting the same pay as men.

A new European Union study shows women in Germany earn 22 percent less than men — a number that puts the country among Europe’s worst gender wage gaps.

EU Commissioner for Employment and Social Affairs Vladimir Spidla pointed out that in Europe, only Estonia, Cyprus and Slovakia had wage gaps that were as large or larger.
In an interview with German newspaper Die Welt, Spidla noted that the average wage gap across the EU shows women earning 15 percent less than men. The fewer the women in the work force, the lower the average wage, he noted.
The commissioner called for more compatibility between work and family, and for more women in leadership positions. He also called on business to pay equal wages for equal work.

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