Oct 15th 2009 | CAIRO
From The Economist print edition
An argument that never ends
IN EGYPT’S 100-year-long debate over female head-coverings, the veil has been put off and on as fast as hemlines in Paris have gone up and down. Feminists in the 1920s threw it off; by the 1970s so had most Egyptian women. But it has crept back, as a wave of religiosity has prompted many to embrace a more distinctively Muslim look. Most Egyptian women are again under cover, but adopt a range of styles, from the black niqab, often worn with gloves, leaving just a slit for the eyes, to the shoulder-enveloping khimar, to lighter novelties such as a colourful Spanish-style scarf wrapped around hair tied in a bun, leaving a jaunty fringe dangling to the neck.
Despite the argument’s longevity, the passions it stirs remain strong. In July this year proponents of the veil gained a boost by proclaiming their first martyr. Marwa Sherbini, an Egyptian immigrant, was stabbed to death in a German courtroom by the man she had brought to trial for insulting her as a terrorist, because she wore a headscarf.
But this month the veil’s opponents claimed a victory, won by no less a personage than Sayed Tantawi, the Grand Sheikh of al-Azhar, Cairo’s 1,000-year-old Islamic university. While touring one of hundreds of girls’ schools that al-Azhar also runs, he happened to spot an 11-year-old student wearing the niqab—and lost his famously short temper. Not only did he order her to remove it on the spot. His university issued a blanket rule banning the niqab in all its girls’ schools, on the ground that the full face-covering is an innovation that represents too extreme an interpretation of Islamic modesty.
This was not the first attack on the niqab, a fashion widely seen as an expression of Salafism, a rigidly orthodox interpretation of Islam promoted by Saudi-owned satellite-television channels. In recent years Egyptian universities and government offices have sporadically banned niqab-wearers, citing security. But the abruptness of Sheikh Tantawi’s order, and the fact that it came from Egypt’s highest seat of Islamic teaching, stirred an outcry both from conservatives and from campaigners for civil liberties.
That storm has quieted. The sheikh now says he is not against the niqab but just sees it as unnecessary in all-female institutions. Egypt’s religious-affairs ministry says it is printing 100,000 copies of a leaflet called “Niqab: Custom Not Worship” to assure Muslims that exposure of a woman’s hands and face is not shameful.
EM
(submitted by reader)