The Objectives Resolution of 1949 codified the ambiguity surrounding the role of religion in Pakistan’s early years, and with political leaders exploiting religious sentiment for political gain, the anti-Ahmadi movement and the constitutional crises of the 1950s all but ensured that political maneuvers and ideological struggles were to characterize Pakistan’s future trajectory as a nation-state.
The foundational principles of the 1956 Constitution and the significant departures introduced by the 1962 Constitution under General Ayub Khan’s regime reflected the institutional imbalances and democratic challenges that were to become a permanent fixture of Pakistan’s political destiny.
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